(Directive 2008/115/EC - OJ L 348/98 24.12.2008)
Mario Pavone ** **
The issue of migrants has increasingly established itself in recent years in the European context, and this has made imminent need for the structuring of a Community and international law that would give directives concerning the management and, above all, protect the rights of migrant and statelessness.
deserves to be reminded of the important statement that opens the document launched, di recente,dal Consiglio d’Europa sui temi dell’immigrazione ed asilo.
“Le migrazioni internazionali sono una realtà che persisterà in particolare finché resteranno i divari di ricchezza e di sviluppo tra le diverse regioni del mondo.
Possono rappresentare un’opportunità poiché sono un fattore di scambi umani ed economici e consentono inoltre alle persone di concretare le loro aspirazioni.
Possono contribuire in modo decisivo alla crescita economica dell’Unione europea e degli Stati membri che hanno bisogno di migranti a motivo della situazione del loro mercato del lavoro o della loro situazione demografica.
Infine, apportano risorse ai migranti e ai loro paesi d’origine, contribuendo thus their development. "
Based on the contents of the European Pact on immigration and asylum policy, approved by the Council of Eurpa, the European Union has introduced common standards for expulsion and repatriation of illegal foreign nationals, which are contained in the Directive of the European Parliament and Council 2008/115/EC, published December 24, 2008 in the Official Gazette of the European Union to which all EU countries must comply by December 24, 2010.
In the same vein were adopted by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, May 9, 2005 twenty guidelines for all stages of the process of deportation.
guidelines recall the rights protected by the Convention European protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, as contained in five chapters
Voluntary return,
The removal order
Detention pending removal
readmission
Forced removals
regarding various aspects of forced repatriation.
A separate chapter was devoted to detention pending removal stating, inter alia, the circumstances in which detention may be ordered and the minimum conditions of detention.
E 'was stressed that the host should take measures to promote voluntary return rather than coercive, the order of removal should only be pursued in accordance with national laws and should not be applied if there is the risk of violence, torture or inhuman and degrading treatment in the country of return from both the government and by non-state actors ".
In order to check the 'absolutely no danger in the country of return, nannies should be assessed and taken into account information from all sources, both governmental and otherwise, and the UNHCR, the UN High Commissioner for refugees.
It should also be completed if an order to return the state in which the migrant has to return the waste, the return of the migrants themselves.
In any case the collective expulsion is prohibited and failure of individual analysis Compliance the various cases.
deserves attention, in particular, the third chapter concerning the procedures for detention after the removal order.
The detainee should firstly be informed in a language they know and should have the opportunity to contact judges and lawyers.
Detention should be as short as possible and respecting human rights.
personnel present inside the detention sites should be highly qualified and able to deal with the situation.
The detainees also worthy should receive medical care and psychological play and should not be held together with ordinary prisoners, should have access
lawyers, NGOs and family.
Detention centers should be constantly monitored by external bodies and access should be allowed freely to members of UNHCR, the European Parliament and other qualified entities.
The new set of rules and procedures, introduced by Directive 115/2008, is, accordingly, based on full respect for fundamental human rights and dignity of immigrants and is fully consistent with the rules laid down in 2005 not far away.
a-The new rules generally
rules introduced by the Directive under review clearly states that should be taken into account by the prosecuting authorities to return the best interests of
children, family life
,
the health of the alien subject to repatriation
the principle of non-refoulement, which is the explicit prohibition of expulsion or return of refugees to countries where their lives or their freedom is in danger.
addition, among the new rules, should be considered, first, that if undocumented citizens possess a valid residence permit or other authorization to stay issued by another EU member state, the return must be done to this country, while in the case where the irregular has started a procedure for the renewal of the vo permit or other authorization for the right to stay, you can wait for the completion of the process before making a decision on return.
E 'provided further that at any time the EU countries may decide to release for compassionate, humanitarian or otherwise an autonomous residence permit or other authorization as akin to an irregular, not issuing a return decision or revoke or suspend, in the case has already been issued.
revocation or suspension of such approval, of course, will be valid for the duration of the permission granted.
In any case, the Directive does not prevent the Member States decide to end a day regular subject and have the same return, removal e/o il divieto d'ingresso con un atto unico.
Sono previste anche due deroghe all’applicazione degli aspetti positivi della direttiva.
se i cittadini extracomunitari siano sottoposti a rimpatrio come sanzione penale o come conseguenza di una sanzione penale, secondo la legislazione nazionale, o sottoposti a proce dure di estradizione;
se siano respinti alla frontiera o colti ad attraversarla illegalmente via terra, mare od aria.
Agli irregolari dovranno essere concessi tra i sette ed i trenta giorni per lasciare lo Stato in cui sono entrati illegalmente anche se potranno partire prima,se lo desidereranno,e se potranno beneficiare di proroghe in casi eccezionali (ad esempio per la presenza di bambini che frequen tano la scuola).
The decision to return will have to follow the expiration of the period of voluntary departure and coercive measures taken for the removal must be proportionate and not exceed reasonable force.
Return decisions will be accompanied by an entry ban, not exceeding five years or has been granted a period for voluntary departure, or if the non-EU citizens will not fulfill the obligation to return.
b-The repatriation of unaccompanied minors have been introduced
also specific rules for the removal and repatriation of minors unaccompanied re.
First of all appropriate assistance should be provided by bodies appropriate than the authorities enforcing return. Community
addition, the State carrying out the expulsion shall ensure that the child will be accompanied by a member of his family, a nominated guardian or at adequate reception facilities in the State of return. C-
the procedure for repatriation Garaz
Directive 2008/115/EC of the EU said, however, specific rules in relation to the procedural safeguards to be taken during these procedures to forget the burden of irregular detention for the purpose of expulsion in special detention centers, where there should be a risk of absconding or if the third-country avoids or hampers the preparation the return or removal.
In particular, the detention and deportation in detention centers is expected that the immigrants should have the right, upon request, to contact lawyers, family and the appropriate consulate and that special attention should be paid in respect of vulnerable and patients, while ensuring the performance of emergency.
In particular, under Article. 13 of Directive 115/2008
1.Al is determined that a citizen of a member country concerned shall be afforded an effective remedy against decisions related to return of Article 12, paragraph 1, or to request a review before a ' judicial or administrative authority competent authority or a body composed of impartial members who enjoy safeguards of independence.
2. The authority or body mentioned in paragraph 1 shall have the power to review decisions related to return of Article 12, paragraph 1, including the possibility of temporarily suspending ern execution, unless the temporary suspension is already applicable under domestic law.
3. The third-country national concerned has the possibility of being advised and represented by legal counsel and, where necessary, linguistic assistance.
4. Member States shall ensure that it is granted on request, all necessary assistance and / or representation in accordance with the relevant national legislation or regulation relating tional and may provide such assistance and / or representation is subject to the conditions of Article 15, paragraphs 3 to 6 of Directive 2005/85/EC.
d.il CIE in detention and the length of detention
If the art15 of the EU Directive provides that
1. Unless the case can be applied effectively enough, but other less coercive measures, Member States may retain third-country nationals subject to return procedures only to prepare the return and / or carry out the removal, in particular where:
a) there is a risk of absconding
b) prevents third-country nationals or hampers the preparation of the return or the removal chin.
Any detention period as short as possible and only maintained for the time necessary for careful removal arrangements.
2. Detention has been ordered by administrative or judicial authorities. Detention shall be ordered in writing with reasons in fact and in law. When detention is ordered by administrative authorities, Member States:
a) provide for prompt judicial review of the lawfulness of the detention to be decided as soon as possible since the beginning of detention;
b) or grant the city a third country concerned the right to appeal to submit to a speedy judicial review of the lawfulness of the detention to be decided as soon as possible after the relevant proceedings.
In this case, Member States shall immediately inform the citizen of the country about the possibility of taking such action.
The third-country national concerned shall be released immediately if the detention is not lawful.
3. In any case, detention shall be reviewed at reasonable intervals at the request of third-country national concerned or ex officio. In the case of prolonged detention periods, reviews shall be subject to control by a judicial authority.
4. When it appears that not is no longer any reasonable prospect of removal for legal reasons or for other reasons, no longer fulfilled the conditions referred to in paragraph 1, the detention is not justified and the person concerned will be issued.
5. Detention shall be maintained for as long the conditions referred to in paragraph 1 and for the period necessary to ensure that the removal.
Each Member State shall set a limited period of detention, which can not exceed six months.
6. Member States may not extend the period referred to in paragraph 5, except for a limited period not exceeding a further twelve months in accordance with national law in cases which, although it is made all reasonable efforts, the removal operation is likely to last longer because:
a) the lack of cooperation by the national of a third party, or
b) delays in obtaining the necessary documentation from third countries. The next
art.16 of the Directive but, in terms of detention at the CIE
1. Detention is usually done in special detention centers.
Where a Member State is unable to host the nationals of a third party against in a special detention center and must place it in a prison, the third-country nationals detained shall be separated from ordinary prisoners.
2. Third-country nationals in detention shall be allowed - on request - to get in touch in due course, with legal representatives, family members and competent consular authorities.
3. Particular attention is paid to the situation of vulnerable persons. I'm sure the emergency health care and essential treatment of illness.
4. The relevant and competent bodies and national organizations, international non-governmental and have access to detention facilities referred to in paragraph 1, insofar as they are used to retain third-country nationals in accordance with this Chapter. Such visits may be subject to authorization.
5. Third-country nationals in detention are systematically informed of the rules in force in the center and their rights and obligations. These include information about their rights under national law, to get in touch with the agencies and organizations referred to in paragraph 4.
e.la Italian legislation in issue
the light of the first, it appears absolutely irreconcilable as the norm introduced by DL Safety n.11/2009.
The rule stated in the decree, in conversion to the Chamber of Deputies, which extends the residence time in Cie from 2 to 6 months for illegal aliens, violates the EU directive 115/2008, referred to as a standard basis for extending of detention.
This was underlined in its opinion that the CSM has misgivings' about.
Article 15 of the European directive, it is stated in its opinion to decree law allows the "detention in case of resistance by the immigrant, the identification, but in case of difficulty 'in' to obtain documents from third countries , allows only "the extension of the stay."
As a result, the House has deleted from the text before Parliament to Article 5 of the decree which provided for the security extended to six months of time spent in detention centers for immigrants awaiting deportation.
It 's the proper recognition of the importance of the EU Directive 115/2008 that so unfolds its full effect and to which national regulators must adapt its rules.
f. Opinion
The Europe Union reiterates its conviction that migration issues are an integral part of the Union's external relations and a harmonious and effective management of migration must be comprehensive and therefore cover both the organization of legal migration and the fight against 'illegal immigration as a means to promote synergies between migration and development.
The European Union does not have the resources to accommodate, however, worthy of all migrants hoping to find a better life.
The organization of immigration must take account delle capacità d’accoglienza dell’Europa sul piano del mercato del lavoro, degli alloggi, dei servizi sanitari, scolastici e sociali nonché proteggere i migranti dal rischio di sfruttamento da parte di reti criminali.
D’altro canto la creazione di uno spazio comune di libera circolazione pone gli Stati membri di fronte a nuove sfide.
Il comportamento di uno Stato può avere ripercussioni sugli interessi degli altri. L’accesso al territorio di uno Stato membro può essere seguito dall’accesso al territorio di altri Stati membri.
È pertanto imperativo che ciascuno Stato membro tenga conto degli interessi dei partner nel definire e attuare le proprie politiche di immigrazione, integrazione e asilo.
Latina, April 18, 2009 ** President
Animo Onlus
(Directive 2008/115/EC - OJ L 348/98 24.12.2008)
(omitted)
CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS Article 1
Subject
This Directive lays down rules and procedures to be applied in Member States for returning illegally staying third-country nationals illegally staying in compliance with fundamental rights as general principles of Community law and international law, including obligations regarding the protection refugee and human rights.
Article 2 Scope
1. This Directive applies to third third-country nationals whose stay in the territory of a Member State illegally.
2. Member States may decide not to apply this Directive to third country nationals:
a) subject to refusal of entry under Article 13 of the Schengen Borders Code or apprehended or from the competent authorities in connection with the irregular crossing by land, sea \u200b\u200bor air of the external border of a Member State and have not subsequently obtained a permit or a right of residence in that Member State;
b) subject to return as a penalty or as a result of a criminal penalty, in accordance with the law national, or subject to extradition.
3. This Directive does not apply to beneficiaries of the Community right of free movement uncle, as defined in Article 2, paragraph 5, of the Schengen Borders Code. Article 3
Definitions For the purposes of this Directive shall apply:
1) "third country national" anyone who is not an EU citizen under Article 17, paragraph 1, and does a beneficiary of the right EU to free movement, as defined in Article 2, paragraph 5, of the Schengen Borders
2) 'residing' presence in the territory of a Member State to a national of a third country which does not meet or no longer meets the conditions of entry referred to in Article 5 of the Schengen Borders Code or other conditions for entry, stay or residence in that Member State;
3) "repatriation" process of return of a citizen of a country, is in voluntary compliance with an obligation to return or enforced:
- in their country of origin, or
- in a country of transit in accordance with Community or bilateral readmission agreements or other arrangements, or
- in another country, where citizens the third country in question decide to return voluntarily and in which
will be accepted;
4) 'return decision' administrative or judicial decision or act, stating or declaring the irregularity del soggiorno di un cittadino di paesi terzi e imponga o attesti l’obbligo di rimpatrio;
5) «allontanamento» l'esecuzione dell’obbligo di rimpatrio, vale a dire il trasporto fisico fuori dallo Stato membro;
6) «divieto d'ingresso» decisione o atto amministrativo o giudiziario che vieti l'ingresso e il soggiorno nel territorio degli Stati membri per un periodo determinato e che accompagni una decisione di rimpatrio;
7) «rischio di fuga» la sussistenza in un caso individuale di motivi basati su criteri obiettivi definiti dalla legge per ritenere che un cittadino di un paese terzo oggetto di una procedura di rimpatrio possa tentare la fuga;
8) «partenza volontaria»: l'adempimento dell'obbligo di rimpatrio entro il termine fissato a tale scopo nella decisione di rimpatrio;
9) «persone vulnerabili»: i minori, i minori non accompagnati, i disabili, gli anziani, le donne in gravidanza, le famiglie monoparentali con figli minori e le persone che hanno subìto torture, stupri o altre forme gravi di violenza psicologica, fisica o sessuale.
Articolo 4
Disposizioni più favorevoli
1. La presente direttiva lascia impregiudicate le disposizioni più favorevoli vigenti in forza di:
a) accordi bilaterali o multilaterali tra la Comunità, o la Comunità e i suoi Stati membri, e uno o più paesi terzi;
b) accordi bilaterali o multilaterali tra uno o più Stati membri and one or more third countries.
2. This Directive is without prejudice to the provisions more favorable to nationals of third countries laid down in the Community immigration and asylum.
3. This Directive is without prejudice to the right of Member States to introduce or maintain provisions more favorable to the persons covered, consistent with the standards set out therein.
4. As far as nationals of third countries excluded from the scope of this Directive in accordance with Article 2, paragraph 2, letter a) Member States:
a) ensure that their treatment and a level of protection not less favorable than as set all'articolo 8, paragrafi 4 e 5 (limitazione dell’uso di misure coercitive), all'articolo 9, paragrafo 2, lettera a) (rinvio dell'allontanamento), all'articolo 14, paragrafo 1, lettere b) e d) (prestazioni sanitarie d'urgenza e considerazione delle esigenze delle persone vulnerabili) e agli articoli 16 e 17 (condizioni di trattenimento) e
b) rispettano il principio di non-refoulement.
Articolo 5
Non-refoulement, interesse superiore del bambino, vita
familiare e condizioni di salute
Nell'applicazione della presente direttiva, gli Stati membri tengono nella debita considerazione:
a) l'interesse superiore del bambino;
b) la vita familiare;
c) le condizioni health of the nationals of a third party;
and respect the principle of non-refoulement. CHAPTER II
END OF ILLEGAL STAY
Article 6
Return decision
1. Member States shall take a decision to return against any third country nationals who are staying illegally in their territory, subject to the exceptions referred to in paragraphs 2 to 5.
2. A citizen of a country whose stay in the territory of a Member State is illegal and is in possession of a valid residence permit or other authorization to confer the right of residence issued by another Member State should go immediately to its territory. Failure to This requirement by the third-country national concerned or where public order or national security require his immediate departure, the scope of paragraph 1.
3. Member States may refrain from issuing a return decision against a national of a third country whose stay in their territory illegally if the citizen in question is taken by another Member State by virtue of agreements or arrangements existing at the date of entry into force of this Directive. In this case, the Member State concerned citizen takes up the scope of paragraph 1.
4. At any time, Member States may decide to release for compassionate, humanitarian o di altra natura un permesso di soggiorno autonomo o un'altra autorizzazione che conferisca il diritto di soggiornare a un cittadino di un paese terzo il cui soggiorno nel loro territorio è irregolare. In tali casi non è emessa la decisione di rimpatrio. Qualora sia già stata emessa, la decisione di rimpatrio è revocata o sospesa per il periodo di validità del titolo di soggiorno o di un'altra autorizzazione che conferisca il diritto di soggiornare.
5. Qualora un cittadino di un paese terzo il cui soggiorno nel territorio di uno Stato membro è irregolare abbia iniziato una procedura per il rinnovo del permesso di soggiorno o di un'altra autorizzazione che conferisce il diritto di soggiornare, lo Stato membro in questione valuta l'opportunità di astenersi dall'emettere una decisione di rimpatrio fino al completamento della procedura, fatto salvo il paragrafo 6.
6. La presente direttiva non osta a che gli Stati membri decidano di porre fine al soggiorno regolare e dispongano contestualmente il rimpatrio e/o l'allontanamento e/o il divieto d'ingresso in un'unica decisione o atto amministrativo o giudiziario in conformità della legislazione nazionale, fatte salve le garanzie procedurali previste dal capo III e da altre pertinenti disposizioni del diritto comunitario e nazionale.
Articolo 7
Partenza volontaria
1. La decisione di rimpatrio fissa per la partenza volontaria un periodo congruo di durata compresa tra sette e trenta giorni, fatte salve le deroghe di cui ai paragrafi 2 and 4. Member States may provide by law for that period shall be granted solely at the request of a citizen of a third country. In this case, Member States shall inform the citizens of third countries concerned of the possibility of submitting such an application. The period under the first paragraph does not exclude the possibility for third-country nationals concerned to leave earlier.
2. Member States shall extend, if necessary, the period for voluntary departure for a reasonable period, taking into account the specific circumstances of individual cases, such as the duration of the stay, the existence of children attending the school and the existence of other ties family and society.
3. For the duration of the period for partenza volontaria possono essere imposti obblighi diretti a evitare il rischio di fuga, come l'obbligo di presentarsi periodicamente alle autorità, la costituzione di una garanzia finanziaria adeguata, la consegna di documenti o l’obbligo di dimorare in un determinato luogo.
4. Se sussiste il rischio di fuga o se una domanda di soggiorno regolare è stata respinta in quanto manifestamente infondata o fraudolenta o se l'interessato costituisce un pericolo per l'ordine pubblico, la pubblica sicurezza o la sicurezza nazionale, gli Stati membri possono astenersi dal concedere un periodo per la partenza volontaria o concederne uno inferiore a sette giorni.
Articolo 8
Allontanamento
1. Gli Stati membri adottano tutte le misure necessarie per eseguire la decisione di rimpatrio qualora non sia stato concesso un periodo per la partenza volontaria a norma dell’articolo 7, paragrafo 4, o per mancato adempimento dell’obbligo di rimpatrio entro il periodo per la partenza volontaria concesso a norma dell'articolo 7.
2. Qualora uno Stato membro abbia concesso un periodo per la partenza volontaria a norma dell’articolo 7, la decisione di rimpatrio può essere eseguita unicamente alla scadenza di tale periodo, a meno che nel periodo in questione non sorga uno dei rischi di cui all'articolo 7, paragrafo 4.
3. Gli Stati membri possono adottare una decisione o un atto amministrativo o giudiziario distinto che ordini l'allontanamento.
4. Where Member States use - as a last resort - coercive measures to expel a third country national who resists removal, such measures are proportionate and do not exceed reasonable force. Coercive measures are implemented in accordance with national legislation in compliance with fundamental rights and with due respect for the dignity and physical integrity of third-country national concerned.
5. In carrying out removals by air, Member States shall take into account the common Guidelines on security provisions for joint removals by air, attached to Decision 2004/573/EC.
6. Member States shall provide a sistema di monitoraggio efficace dei rimpatri forzati.
Articolo 9
Rinvio dell'allontanamento
1. Gli Stati membri rinviano l'allontanamento:
a) qualora violi il principio di non-refoulement, oppure
b) per la durata della sospensione concessa ai sensi dell'articolo 13, paragrafo 2.
2. Gli Stati membri possono rinviare l'allontanamento per un congruo periodo, tenendo conto delle circostanze specifiche di ciascun caso. Gli Stati membri tengono conto in particolare:
a) delle condizioni fisiche o mentali del cittadino di un paese terzo;
b) delle ragioni tecniche, come l'assenza di mezzi di trasporto o il mancato allontanamento a causa dell'assenza di identificazione.
3. Ove sia disposto il rinvio dell'allontanamento a norma dei paragrafi 1 e 2, al cittadino di un paese terzo interessato possono essere imposti gli obblighi di cui all'articolo 7, paragrafo 3.
Articolo 10
Rimpatrio e allontanamento di minori non accompagnati
1. Prima di emettere una decisione di rimpatrio nei confronti di un minore non accompagnato è fornita un'assistenza da parte di organismi appropriati diversi dalle autorità che eseguono il rimpatrio tenendo nel debito conto l'interesse superiore del bambino.
2. Prima di allontanare un minore non accompagnato dal territorio di uno Stato membro, le autorità di tale Stato membro si accertano che questi sarà ricondotto ad un membro della sua famiglia, a un tutore designato o presso adeguate strutture di accoglienza nello Stato di rimpatrio.
Articolo 11
Divieto d'ingresso
1. Le decisioni di rimpatrio sono corredate di un divieto d'ingresso:
a) qualora non sia stato concesso un periodo per la partenza volontaria, oppure
b) qualora non sia stato ottemperato all'obbligo di rimpatrio.
In altri casi le decisioni di rimpatrio possono essere corredate di un divieto d'ingresso.
2. La durata del divieto d'ingresso è determinata tenendo debitamente conto di tutte le circostanze pertinenti di ciascun caso e non supera di norma i cinque anni. Può comunque superare i cinque anni se il cittadino di un paese terzo costituisce una grave minaccia per l'ordine pubblico, la pubblica sicurezza o la sicurezza nazionale.
3. Member States shall evaluate the possibility of revoking or suspending an entry ban where a national of a third country affected by an entry ban issued in accordance with paragraph 1, second paragraph, can prove that he left the territory of a Member State in full compliance with a decision to return. Victims of human trafficking who have been granted a residence permit under direttiva2004/81/CE Council [12] of 29 April 2004 on the residence permit issued to third country nationals victims of trafficking human beings or who have been to facilitate illegal immigration, who cooperate with the competent authorities are not subject to prohibition d'ingresso fatte salve le disposizioni del paragrafo 1, primo comma, lettera b), e purché il cittadino di un paese terzo in questione non rappresenti una minaccia per l'ordine pubblico, la pubblica sicurezza o la sicurezza nazionale. In casi individuali gli Stati membri possono astenersi per motivi umanitari dall'emettere, revocare o sospendere un divieto d'ingresso. In casi individuali o in talune categorie di casi gli Stati membri possono revocare o sospendere un divieto d'ingresso per altri motivi.
4. Lo Stato membro che preveda di rilasciare un permesso di soggiorno o un'altra autorizzazione che conferisca il diritto di soggiornare ad un cittadino di un paese terzo colpito da un divieto d'ingresso disposto da un altro Stato membro consulta preliminarmente State that the State and shall take account of its interests in accordance with Article 25 of the Schengen dellaconvenzione [13].
5. Paragraphs 1 to 4 shall not affect Member States' right to international protection, as defined in Article 2 letter a) of Council Directive 2004/83/EC [14] of 29 April 2004 on minimum standards on 'allocation to third country nationals or stateless persons as refugees or as persons who otherwise need international protection and on minimum standards of protection granted. CHAPTER III
PROCEDURAL SAFEGUARDS Article 12
Form 1. The decisions repatriation and, if issued, the decisions to ban the entry and expulsion decisions are issued in writing and give reasons in fact and in law as well as information about available legal remedies. The information on reasons in fact may be limited where national law allows for the right to information is limited, in particular to safeguard national security, defense, public safety and the prevention, investigation, detection and prosecution of crime.
2. Member States shall, upon request, written or oral translation of the main elements of decisions related to the return referred to in paragraph 1, including available legal remedies in a language comprensibile per il cittadino di un paese terzo o che si può ragionevolmente supporre tale.
3. Gli Stati membri possono decidere di non applicare il paragrafo 2 ai cittadini di paesi terzi che sono entrati in modo irregolare nel territorio di uno Stato membro e non hanno successivamente ottenuto un'autorizzazione o un diritto di soggiorno in tale Stato. In tali casi le decisioni connesse al rimpatrio di cui al paragrafo 1 sono adottate per mezzo di un modello uniforme previsto dalla legislazione nazionale. Gli Stati membri rendono disponibili schede informative generalizzate che espongono gli elementi principali del modello uniforme in almeno cinque delle lingue più frequentemente utilizzate o comprese dagli immigrati che entrano in modo irregolare nel loro territorio.
Articolo 13
Mezzi di ricorso
1. Al cittadino di un paese terzo interessato sono concessi mezzi di ricorso effettivo avverso le decisioni connesse al rimpatrio di cui all'articolo 12, paragrafo 1, o per chiederne la revisione dinanzi ad un'autorità giudiziaria o amministrativa competente o a un organo competente composto da membri imparziali che offrono garanzie di indipendenza.
2. L'autorità o l'organo menzionati al paragrafo 1 hanno la facoltà di rivedere le decisioni connesse al rimpatrio di cui all'articolo 12, paragrafo 1, compresa la possibilità di sospenderne temporaneamente l'esecuzione, a meno che la sospensione temporanea sia già applicabile ai sensi del diritto interno.
3. Il cittadino di un paese third party has the possibility of being advised and represented by legal counsel and, where necessary, linguistic assistance.
4. Member States shall ensure that it is granted on request, all necessary assistance and / or representation under the relevant national law or regulations in this area and may provide such assistance and / or representation is subject to the conditions laid down 'Article 15, paragraphs 3 to 6 of Directive 2005/85/EC. Article 14
Safeguards pending return
1. Member States shall, with the exception of the situation referred to in Articles 16 and 17, in order to take into account as possible of the following principles in relazione ai cittadini di paesi terzi durante il periodo per la partenza volontaria concesso a norma dell’articolo 7 e durante i periodi per i quali l'allontanamento è stato differito ai sensi dell'articolo 9:
a) che sia mantenuta l'unità del nucleo familiare con i membri della famiglia presenti nel territorio;
b) che siano assicurati le prestazioni sanitarie d'urgenza e il trattamento essenziale delle malattie;
c) che sia garantito l'accesso al sistema educativo di base per i minori, tenuto conto della durata del soggiorno;
d) che si tenga conto delle esigenze particolari delle persone vulnerabili.
2. Gli Stati membri confermano per iscritto alle persone di cui al paragrafo 1, conformemente alla legislazione national, that the period for voluntary departure was extended under Article 7, paragraph 2, or to comply with the decision to return is temporarily suspended. CHAPTER IV
DETENTION FOR THE PURPOSE OF
Detention
Article 15 1. Unless the case can be applied effectively enough, but other less coercive measures, Member States may retain third-country nationals subject to return procedures only to prepare the return and / or carry out the removal, in particular where:
a) there is a risk of absconding or
b) the third country national avoids or hampers the preparation of the return or removal.
Il trattenimento ha durata quanto più breve possibile ed è mantenuto solo per il tempo necessario all'espletamento diligente delle modalità di rimpatrio.
2. Il trattenimento è disposto dalle autorità amministrative o giudiziarie. Il trattenimento è disposto per iscritto ed è motivato in fatto e in diritto. Quando il trattenimento è disposto dalle autorità amministrative, gli Stati membri:
a) prevedono un pronto riesame giudiziario della legittimità del trattenimento su cui decidere entro il più breve tempo possibile dall'inizio del trattenimento stesso,
b) oppure accordano al cittadino di un paese terzo interessato il diritto di presentare ricorso per sottoporre ad un pronto riesame giudiziario la legittimità del trattenimento su cui decidere entro il più breve tempo possibile dall'avvio del relativo procedimento. In tal caso gli Stati membri informano immediatamente il cittadino del paese terzo in merito alla possibilità di presentare tale ricorso.
Il cittadino di un paese terzo interessato è liberato immediatamente se il trattenimento non è legittimo.
3. In ogni caso, il trattenimento è riesaminato ad intervalli ragionevoli su richiesta del cittadino di un paese terzo interessato o d'ufficio. Nel caso di periodi di trattenimento prolungati il riesame è sottoposto al controllo di un'autorità giudiziaria.
4. Quando risulta che non esiste più alcuna prospettiva ragionevole di allontanamento per motivi di legal or other reasons, no longer fulfilled the conditions referred to in paragraph 1, the detention is not justified and the person concerned will be issued.
5. Detention shall be maintained for as long the conditions referred to in paragraph 1 and for the period necessary to ensure that the removal. Each Member State shall set a limited period of detention, which can not exceed six months.
6. Member States may not extend the period referred to in paragraph 5, except for a limited period not exceeding a further twelve months in accordance with national law in cases where, despite having made all reasonable efforts, the removal operation likely to last longer because:
a) the lack of cooperation from the citizen of a third country, or
b) delays in obtaining the necessary documentation from third countries.
Article 16 Conditions of detention
1. Detention is usually done in special detention centers. Where a Member State is unable to host the nationals of a third party in a special detention center and must place it in a prison, the third-country nationals detained shall be separated from ordinary prisoners.
2. Third-country nationals in detention shall be allowed - on request - to get in touch in due course, with legal representatives, family members and competent consular authorities.
3. Particular attention is paid to the situation of vulnerable persons. I'm sure the emergency health care and essential treatment of illness.
4. The relevant and competent bodies and national organizations, international non-governmental and have access to detention facilities referred to in paragraph 1, insofar as they are used to retain third-country nationals in accordance with this Chapter. Such visits may be subject to authorization.
5. Third-country nationals in detention are systematically informed of the rules in force in the center and their rights and obligations. This information also affect their rights under national law, to get in touch with the agencies and organizations referred to in paragraph 4. Article 17
Detention of children and families
1. Unaccompanied minors and families with children are detained only as a last resort and for the shortest appropriate period as possible.
2. The families detained pending removal shall be provided with separate accommodation guaranteeing adequate privacy.
3. Minors in detention shall have the opportunity to carry out leisure activities, including play and recreational activities appropriate to their age and, depending on the duration of their stay, access education.
4. Unaccompanied minors is provided, where possible, with accommodation in institutions provided with personnel and facilities which meet the needs of people of their age.
5. The child's best interests is a basic requirement for the detention of minors pending removal.
Article 18 Emergency situations
1. In cases where an exceptionally large number of third-country nationals to be returned an unforeseen heavy burden on the capacity of detention facilities of a Member State or its administrative or judicial, persists until the anomalous situation that State State may decide to allow for the review Judicial periods exceeding those provided for in Article 15, paragraph 2, third paragraph, and take urgent measures regarding the conditions of detention derogating from those provided in Article 16, paragraph 1 and Article 17, paragraph 2.
2. When resorting to such exceptional measures, the Member State concerned shall inform the Commission. It shall also inform once ceased to exist the reasons that led to the application of these exceptional measures.
3. Nothing in this article may be interpreted as meaning that the Member States to derogate from their general obligation to take all appropriate measures, whether general or particular, to ensure fulfillment of the obblighi ad essi incombenti ai sensi della presente direttiva.
CAPO V
DISPOSIZIONI FINALI
Articolo 19
Relazione
La Commissione riferisce ogni tre anni al Parlamento europeo e al Consiglio sull’applicazione della presente direttiva negli Stati membri e propone eventuali modifiche. La Commissione presenta la prima relazione entro il 24 dicembre 2013, incentrandola in particolare sull'applicazione dell'articolo 11, dell'articolo 13, paragrafo 4, e dell'articolo 15 negli Stati membri. Per quanto riguarda l'articolo 13, paragrafo 4, la Commissione valuta in particolare l'ulteriore impatto finanziario e amministrativo negli Stati membri.
Articolo 20
Attuazione
1. Gli Stati membri mettono in vigore le laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive by 24 December 2010. As regards Article 13, paragraph 4, Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive by 24 December 2011. They shall forthwith communicate to the Commission the text of those provisions. When Member States adopt these measures, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or be accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their official publication. The procedure for such reference shall be adopted by Member States.
2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the main provisions of law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive.
Article 21 Relationship with the Schengen Convention
This Directive will supersede the provisions of Articles 23 and 24 of the Convention Implementing the Schengen Agreement. Article 22
Entry into force This Directive shall enter into force on the twentieth day following its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. Article 23 Addressees
Member States are recipients of this Directive in accordance with the Treaty establishing the European Community.
Done at Strasbourg, 16 December 2008.
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